• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a rolling cage (51) comprising a rolling cage main body (51a) made of a polymeric material and comprising pockets (55) for receiving at least one row of rolling elements a roll. The cage is provided with a passive resonance circuit including an antenna coil (54a) attached to the cage main body (51a). It is disclosed that the antenna coil (54a) takes the form of a conductive layer directly attached to the cage material of the roll cage main body (51a) and designed to have a lower break point or equal to a breaking point of the cage material. A break in the main body of the cage thus breaks the antenna coil (54a), changing the resonance behavior of the passive resonance circuit.
    公开号:FR3041720A1
    申请号:FR1659434
    申请日:2016-09-30
    公开日:2017-03-31
    发明作者:Yoann Hebrard；Andreas Karlsson；Defeng Lang；Victor Martinez；Wit Frank De
    申请人:SKF Aerospace France SAS；SKF AB；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BEARING CAGE WITH ANTENNA AND METHOD OF DETECTING FAILURE OF A BEARING CAGE
    Field of the invention
    The present invention relates to a rolling cage comprising an antenna.
    Context of the invention
    It is known to manufacture bearings such as ball bearings or roller bearings with temperature sensors. To monitor the bearing, the heat generated at the interface of the balls / rollers and raceways is detected by a temperature sensor positioned as close as possible to this interface. This makes a rolling cage a desirable position for temperature measurement. However, a rolling cage rotates and is difficult to access and the available space is narrow. It is difficult, especially for small bearings, to integrate batteries or a generator inside the rolling cage.
    EP 1 849 013 B1 discloses a bearing having a cage equipped with a power receiving coil. A transmitter for sending a signal indicating the detected state of the bearing to other antennas arranged on the outer race is integrated in the cage. However, this solution is only possible for large enough bearings with a cage capable of containing the electronic components of the transmitter.
    Passive wireless temperature sensors designed for rolling cages have been exposed for example in the article "A Passive Wireless Temperature Sensor for Environmental Harsh Applications", Sensors 2008, 7982-7995 by Ya Wang, Yi Jia, Qiushui Chen and Yanyun Wang (can be translated into French by passive wireless temperature sensor for applications in hostile environment). A passive oscillator circuit comprising a temperature-dependent capacitance and an inductor is arranged on a cage such that the induction coil interacts with an emitter coil of an actuated oscillator circuit arranged on a non-pivoting ring of the oscillator. rolling. The fact that the capacitance depends on the temperature causes the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit to depend on the temperature in the cage, which can be measured. Similar systems have been studied by S. Scott et al of Purdue University, see for example http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/nanopub/1089.
    The resonance circuit in the cage absorbs energy from the main circuit with a coil provided on the non-pivoting ring so that the resonant frequency can be derived from an absorption peak in the frequency sweep. The method measures the missing energy at the oscillation frequency.
    It is also known to equip in a known manner train rolling units or high-speed train axle boxes with polyamide cages. These train rolling units are sometimes monitored using hot box infrared scanners arranged along the track. These infrared scanners detect an increase in temperature in the bearing components to detect faulty bearings. Even though polyamide cages are safer than previously used steel cages, defects in polyamide cages are not detectable using infrared hot box scanners. Cage failure detection would also be useful in aerospace bearings, high speed bearings and many other applications. The aim of the invention is to provide improved polymer cages for bearings with simplified possibility of detecting cage damage. Summary of the invention
    To achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention discloses a rolling cage comprising a rolling cage main body made from a polymeric material which includes pockets for receiving at least one row of rolling elements of a bearing . The cage is provided with a passive resonance circuit comprising at least one antenna coil fixed to the main body of the rolling cage. Suitably, the at least one antenna coil serves as an induction coil of the passive resonance circuit.
    It is proposed that the antenna coil takes the form of a conductive layer directly attached to the polymeric material of the main body of the rolling cage and is designed to have a breaking point less than or equal to a breaking point of the material. polymer. The polymeric material of the cage main body may comprise polyamide, phenolic resin, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) or other polymer.
    In this context, the breaking point means in particular an elongation at the fracture of the material, and the materials of the polymer base body and the antenna coil must be chosen so that the antenna coil breaks when the cage material of the roll cage main body also breaks. This can be achieved in particular with the aid of a thin conductive layer serving as an antenna coil. At the same time, the adhesion of the antenna coil to the surface of the rolling cage main body must be strong enough to ensure that the antenna coil layer breaks rather than comes off when the stress becomes too important.
    This specific relationship between the breaking force of the polymer base body and that of the conductive layer can be obtained, in particular, in embodiments in which the antenna coil is printed on the cage material or in which the Antenna coil takes the form of a veneer on the cage material.
    In one embodiment, the antenna coil is constructed as a single loop that extends around the entire circumference of the cage main body. In some examples, the single loop is provided on an axially oriented side face of the cage. In other examples, the single loop is provided on a surface oriented in the radial plane of the cage. The single loop may then include sections that extend in an axial direction of the cage between adjacent pockets of the cage, and further include sections that extend in a circumferential direction of the cage, between an axial face. cage pockets and a side edge of the cage. Such an embodiment increases the area of the main cage body covered by the induction coil, thereby increasing the probability that even a small local crack in the cage will cause a break in the antenna coil. The advantage of a single loop is that a break of the antenna coil at any location causes the loss of resonant capacity of the passive resonance circuit. This can be detected with ease and reliability to determine the presence of a cage failure.
    In another embodiment, the antenna coil contains multiple loops connected in parallel with each other. If a loop is broken, the inductance of the resonance circuit changes, causing a variation in amplitude of a signal transmitted by the antenna coil.
    In another embodiment, the antenna coil is provided with a pattern such that a break in any substantial section of the main body of the rolling cage affects the conductivity of the coil. antenna at least by increasing the resistance, preferably by completely interrupting the conductive connection at the point of the crack so that the antenna loop is open.
    In one example, the rolling cage has a staggered structure and comprises two lateral edges connected by crosspieces configured to separate the rolling elements. The antenna coil preferably extends over all major portions of the roll cage main body, i.e. over the entire circumference of the side edges and over the entire length of each of the sleepers.
    Preferably, at least a portion of the antenna coil is embedded in a surface of the cage material, either by overmolding a very thin and fragile metal sheet or by printing or coating the conductive layer forming the coil. antenna on a surface of a first part of the main body of roll cage then overmolded during a second molding step. The structuring of the antenna coil may further include etching.
    Advantageously, the antenna coil may be recessed to a shallow depth which represents an unacceptable amount of wear of the cage. The coil is suitably embedded in a wear surface of the cage which is movably engaged in operation with another surface of another component of the bearing which includes the cage. This makes the cage failure detectable due to wear.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the passive resonance circuit provided on the cage main body includes a capacitor and the antenna coil serves as an inductor, thereby forming a single LC tank circuit. In another embodiment, the passive resonance circuit is part of an RFID transceiver comprising the antenna coil and an RFID circuit connected to the antenna coil. An important aspect of the invention is that the resonance circuit returns a different signal in case of breakage in the antenna coil. The signal may be different due to a variation of the frequency, a reduction of the amplitude or the absence of the returned signal. The RFID circuit may further comprise or communicate with sensors such as temperature sensors attached to the rolling stand or the RFID chip, if desired.
    A bearing comprising a rolling cage as described above preferably comprises a main antenna of an emitter attached to a non-rotating ring of the bearing, either directly or via a seal or a bearing cap. The transmitter includes an actuated oscillator circuit and the main antenna is configured to send and receive signals to and from the antenna coil placed on the cage.
    According to another aspect of the invention, a bearing unit comprising a bearing as described above is provided with a signal processing unit configured to monitor a response signal of the antenna coil received by the antenna. and to generate a warning if a variation of the amplitude and / or the frequency of the response signal is detected or if a lack of a response signal is detected. The warning information may include a warning light or a warning signal sent to a machine operator, for example to a train driver. The signal processing unit can be connected only during maintenance or permanently.
    In one embodiment, the rolling unit includes a second passive resonance circuit configured to resonate in response to an interrogation signal transmitted by the main antenna. Preferably, the second passive resonance circuit is provided on the same stationary portion of the bearing as the transmitter at a location not subject to wear or damage. The second passive resonance circuit serves as a reference, to verify the proper operation of the transmitter. The processing unit is then appropriately configured to generate a warning that the transmitter is defective if no response signal is detected for both the first and second passive resonance circuits.
    A rolling cage as described above is adapted to implement a rolling cage failure detection method comprising the steps of: - generating an interrogation signal at a resonant frequency of a circuit including the antenna coil; - receive a response signal from the antenna coil; and monitoring the response signal to detect a break in the antenna coil, based on the detection of a lack of a response signal or in the event of detection of a variation in frequency and / or amplitude of the antenna coil. response signal.
    The embodiments of the invention described above as well as the claims and the accompanying figures show multiple characterizing features of the invention in specific combinations. Those skilled in the art can easily take into consideration other combinations or sub-combinations of these features in order to adapt the invention as defined in the claims to its specific needs.
    Brief description of the figures
    Figure 1 is a sectional view of an example of a bearing equipped with a cage according to the present invention and a sensor assembly for detecting a cage failure; Figure 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the rolling shaft used in the bearing of Figure 1 and circuit components associated with the sensor assembly; Figure 3a is a perspective sectional view of another example of a bearing equipped with a cage according to the present invention and a sensor assembly for detecting a cage failure; Figure 3b is a side view of the rolling stand of Figure 3a; Figure 3c is a sectional view of a seal used in the bearing of Figure 3a; Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a sensor assembly for detecting a cage failure according to another embodiment; Figure 5 is a schematic view of a portion of a rolling cage according to another embodiment of the invention.
    Detailed Description of the Embodiments
    FIG. 1 illustrates a train rolling unit comprising a double row tapered roller bearing comprising two annular race cages 11, an inner ring 10c slotted and an outer ring 10d configured to house two rows of rolling elements. 10b of said bearing, taking the form of tapered rollers. The rolling unit is equipped with a sensor assembly that includes a transmitter 12 attached to a bearing seal 20 and configured to generate oscillatory current signals in a main coil 12c of the transmitter.
    In addition, the sensor assembly comprises a passive resonance circuit 14 (with reference to FIG. 2) comprising an antenna coil 14a fixed to the rolling cage 11 and an RFID chip 14b. The RFID chip 14b may comprise various sensors such as a temperature sensor.
    In the example shown, the main coil 12c is embedded in an elastomer material 20a of the gasket 20. The main coil may also be attached to the outer race ring 10d and take the form of a loop extending over the entire of the circumference of the bearing or otherwise be configured to generate signals to communicate with the RFID chip 14b. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the antenna coil 14a serving as the induction coil of the passive resonance circuit 14 also takes the form of a circular loop extending over the entire circumference of the cage 11. The main coil 12c and the antenna coil 14a are preferably arranged coaxially and close to each other, i.e. such that a distance between the coil cables is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, of the radius of the circular coil loops.
    The two rolling cages 11 have the same configuration. Figure 2 schematically illustrates a portion of one of the rolling cages 11 which comprises a roll cage main body 11a of polyamide as an example of a robust material used for the cage. The roll cage main body 11a has pockets 15 for accommodating a row of rolling members 10b of the bearing 10 and the antenna coil 14a is attached to the cage main body 11a.
    The antenna coil 14a takes the form of a conductive layer directly attached to the cage material of the roll cage main body 11a and designed to have a breaking point less than a breaking point of the cage material. . This means that the antenna coil is sufficiently brittle and that the adhesion of the antenna coil 14a is strong enough to ensure that a crack appearing on a portion of the surface of the rolling shaft main body 11a will cause a crack in the antenna coil 14a, that is to say, will make the antenna coil 14 non-conductive.
    In the example shown, the antenna coil 14a is designed so that it covers each of the essential parts of the main body of roll cage 11a with a risk of cracks. As a result, the conductivity of the antenna coil 14a is reliably interrupted in the event of a crack occurring in the main body of the rolling stand 11a and this can be detected as a difference in frequency and / or amplitude of the the resonance frequency of the antenna coil 14a or as a complete absence of resonance, depending on the nature of the crack.
    In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the antenna coil 14a is printed on the cage material. Alternatively, the antenna coil 14a may take the form of a plating on the cage material or a very thin metal foil then overmolded by the polyamide material so that the antenna coil 14a is less partially embedded in said cage material. The antenna coil 14a could further be fixed to the roll cage main body 11a by gluing and / or protected by a protective layer.
    As shown in FIG. 2, the roll cage main body 11a comprises two side ring structures connected by cross members configured to separate the rolling members, the antenna coil 14a extending over the entire circumference of each of the side ring structures and over the entire length of each of the sleepers. The roll cage main body 11a comprises multiple pockets configured to receive one of the rolling members, the antenna structure comprising multiple loops and each of the pockets 15 being encompassed by at least one of the loops. The antenna coil 14a has a staggered structure in which the rungs extend along the cross members of the roll cage main body 11a configured to separate the rolling elements.
    A bearing unit comprising a bearing according to the invention further comprises a signal processing unit 16, the signal processing unit 16 being configured to analyze the signal of the antenna coil 14a received by the main coil 12c of the transmitter and to generate a warning in case of detection of breakage of the antenna coil 14a, based on the detection of a lack of response signal or a variation in frequency and / or amplitude response signal. The signal processing unit 16 may be integrated in the transmitter 12 or be positioned remotely, for example in a control unit of the train using the bearing.
    The operation of the transmitter 12 and the passive resonance circuit will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 2. The oscillatory current signals generated by a functional generator 12b are fed into the main coil 12c to generate an interrogation signal. inducing current in the antenna coil 14a. As long as the antenna coil 14a is intact, the induced current is sufficient to supply energy to the RFID chip 14b then returning a signal that may or may not carry additional information, for example the ID number of the bearing or information on the temperature.
    If the amplitude, the frequency or any other characteristic of the signal returned by the RFID chip 14b does not correspond to what is expected by the signal processing unit 16, the signal processing unit 16 transmits a signal. warning signal indicating that the cage 11 is broken. The signal processing unit 16 thus implements a failure detection method of the rolling stand 11 which comprises the steps of generating an interrogation signal at a resonance frequency of a circuit comprising the coil of antenna 14a, receiving a response signal from said antenna coil 14a, analyzing the response signal to detect a breakage of the antenna coil 14a, based on the detection of an absence response signal or a variation in the frequency and / or amplitude of the response signal and the detection of a failure of the roll cage 11 if the antenna coil 14a is broken.
    A second embodiment of a bearing according to the present invention is shown in Figure 3a. In this embodiment, the bearing 30 is a sealed deep groove ball bearing comprising an inner ring 30c, an outer ring 30d, a single row of balls 30b and a seal 20 on one or the other axial face of the ball. bearing to encompass an annular space between the bearing races. The balls are retained by a ball cage 31, which is illustrated in the side view of Figure 3b. A main body 31a of the cage is made from a polymeric material and is provided with a passive resonance circuit, comprising a capacitor 34b and an antenna coil 34a which are arranged on an axially oriented side face of the main body. of cage. The antenna coil 34a which serves as inductor of the passive resonance circuit takes the form of a single loop which extends around the entire circumference of the side face of the cage. According to the present invention, the conductive material of the antenna coil 34a has a breaking point less than or equal to a breaking point of the polymer material of the cage main body 31a.
    Accordingly, if the antenna coil is broken due to a crack in the cage main body 31a, the passive resonance circuit ceases to resonate in the presence of stimulation by an interrogation signal. To detect this loss of resonance, the bearing is further equipped with a transmitter, parts of which are integrated in a seal 20 oriented towards the capacitor 34b and the antenna coil 34a on the cage. A side view of the seal is illustrated in Figure 3c. The transmitter comprises a functional generator generating oscillatory current signals and a main antenna 32c which takes the form, in the embodiment shown, of a stiffening ring of the gasket 20. The stiffening ring is an embedded sheet metal ring in the seal 20 and provided with a space filled with insulating elastomeric material 20a. The end portions of the main antenna 32c on the opposite sides adjacent said gap are provided with a junction point 32c1, 32c2 for the signal cables 38b, 38b ', respectively, formed by solder points in the illustrated embodiment. The signal cables are connected to a processor (not shown) configured to transmit an alarm if a response signal from the passive resonance circuit is not received by the main antenna 32c in response to an interrogation signal transmitted by the transmitter.
    In another improvement, the stationary portion of the rolling arrangement is provided with a second passive resonance circuit that can also be integrated on the seal or otherwise positioned near the transmitter. The circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 is used to explain the operating principle. Under normal conditions, a processor (not shown) connected to the transmitter 42 receives a first response signal from the first passive resonance circuit 44 'on the cage and a second response signal from the second passive resonance circuit 44 " . If only the first response signal is not received, a warning indicating a cage failure is sent, as previously described. If neither the first nor the second failure signal is received, this indicates a failure in the transmitter circuit and the processor is configured to send an appropriate warning message.
    The cage antenna coil, taking the form of a single loop, can also be provided on a surface oriented in the radial plane of the cage. An example of part of a cage 51 according to this embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 5. The passive resonance circuit further comprises a capacitor 54b and an antenna coil 54a for example printed on a main body 51 of the cage manufactured, in the example shown, from phenolic resin. The antenna coil is designed to break in response to a crack in the cage main body. To increase the probability of small crack in the cage breaking the antenna, the coil has first sections 54a1 extending in a circumferential direction of the cage and second sections 54a2 extending in an axial direction, between the cage pockets. 55 adjacent. As will be understood, the reel may comprise multiple second sections passing back and forth between the adjacent pockets 55 and / or multiple first sections 54a1 passing back and forth between a curb of the cage and an axial face corresponding of a cage pocket.
    In this example, the cage is a guided outer ring cage and has wear surfaces on one or the other axial face of the cage which, during the rolling operation, come into contact with the shoulders of the bearing outer ring. The antenna coil is embedded in the outer surface provided in the radial plane of the cage main body 51a at a shallow depth constituting an unacceptable amount of wear. The cage 51 can thus be used to detect a cage failure produced by a crack in the main body 51a breaking the antenna coil and by an unacceptable wear of the cage, using the material of the antenna coil, leading to a interruption making the passive resonance circuit lose its resonance capability.
    In other embodiments, the axial side face of a cage is a wear surface and may be provided with a recessed antenna coil for detecting wear. Many variations are therefore possible within the scope of the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims
    A bearing race comprising a rolling cage main body (11a, 31a, 51a) made from a polymeric material and configured to receive at least one row of rolling elements (10b, 30b) a bearing, further comprising a passive resonance circuit (14, 34, 44 ') comprising an antenna coil (14a, 34a, 54a) attached to the cage main body and serving as an inductor in the passive resonance circuit (14, 34, 44 '); wherein the antenna coil (14a, 34a, 54a) is in the form of a conductive layer directly attached to the cage material of the roll cage main body (11a, 31a, 51a) and adapted to have a rupture less than a breaking point of the material of the cage.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    The rolling race of claim 1, wherein the antenna coil (14a, 34a) is printed on the cage material or takes the form of a plating on the cage material.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    The bearing race according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the antenna coil (14a, 34a) is embedded in a surface of the cage material.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    The rolling stand according to claim 3, wherein the surface of the cage material in which at least a portion of the antenna coil (14a, 34a, 54a) is embedded is a wear surface of the cage of bearing which, during rolling, is in contact with a surface of another component of the bearing.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    A bearing race according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna coil (34a, 54a) is formed as a single loop which extends around the entire circumference of the cage main body ( 31a, 51a).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    The bearing race of claim 5, wherein the antenna coil (34a) is provided on an axially oriented side face of the cage main body (31a).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The rolling race according to claim 5, wherein the antenna coil (54) is provided on a radially oriented surface of the cage main body (51a).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    The rolling race according to claim 5, wherein the rolling cage main body (51a) comprises multiple pockets (55) configured to receive one of the rolling elements (10b, 30b) and wherein the antenna coil comprises first antenna sections (54a1) extending in a circumferential direction of the cage and second antenna sections (54a2) extending in an axial direction between adjacent pockets.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    The rolling stand according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antenna coil (14a) comprises two or more loops connected in parallel with each other.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The rolling stand according to claim 9, wherein the rolling cage main body (11a) comprises multiple pockets (15) configured to receive one of the rolling elements (10b), wherein the antenna coil (14a) ) comprises multiple loops and wherein each of the pockets (15) is encompassed by at least one of the loops.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    Bearing comprising a rolling stand (11, 31, 51) according to any one of the preceding claims and an emitter (12, 32, 42) comprising a main antenna (12c, 32c) connected to a ring or a seal ( 20) of the bearing, wherein the main antenna is configured to send and receive signals to and from the antenna coil (14a, 34a, 54a).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    A bearing unit comprising a bearing according to claim 11 and a signal processing unit (16), wherein the signal processing unit (16) is configured to monitor a response signal from the antenna coil. (14a, 34a, 54a) received by the main antenna (12c, 32c) and for generating a warning in the event of detection of no response signal reception and / or variation in amplitude and / or frequency of resonance of the response signal.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    The rolling unit according to claim 12, further comprising a second passive resonance circuit (44 ") fixed near the emitter (42) on a stationary portion of the bearing which is not subject to wear or damage. and configured to transmit a second response signal upon receipt of an interrogation signal from the main antenna, the processing unit being configured to generate a warning that the transmitter is defective in the event of absence of receiving either a first response signal from the passive resonance circuit (44 ') on the cage or the second response signal.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    The method of failure detection of a rolling stand according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of: a. generating an interrogation signal at a resonant frequency of the passive resonance circuit (14,44) comprising the antenna coil (14a, 34a); b. monitor a response signal from the antenna coil; vs. detecting a failure of the rolling stand in the absence of receiving a response signal or in the case of a measurement of variation in the amplitude and / or of variation in the resonance frequency of the response signal.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20170102036A1|2017-04-13|
    US9989097B2|2018-06-05|
    CN106989108A|2017-07-28|
    EP3150875A1|2017-04-05|
    CN106989108B|2020-07-28|
    DE102016218897A1|2017-03-30|
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    CN109488691B|2017-09-13|2022-02-01|舍弗勒技术股份两合公司|Cage and bearing unit of integrated coating sensor|
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    法律状态:
    2017-10-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-03-08| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20190308 |
    2019-09-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-09-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP15380043.8A|EP3150875A1|2015-09-30|2015-09-30|Bearing cage with antenna and method for detecting failure of a bearing cage|
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